Almost every kitchen has at least one forgotten can tucked away in a pantry—beans, soup, vegetables, or fruit. When the “best by” or expiration date passes, many people automatically toss it, assuming it’s unsafe. In reality, these dates usually indicate peak quality, not safety. Properly stored canned food can remain safe to eat for months or even years beyond the printed date.
Understanding Food Labels
Confusion often arises from terms like “Best By,” “Best Before,” and “Use By.”
- Best By / Best Before: Refers to when the product will taste its best; it does not mean the food is unsafe afterward.
- Use By: Mostly applied to highly perishable items like dairy or fresh meat. While closer to safety-related, it still primarily concerns quality.
- Canned Foods: Because they are sealed and preserved under strict conditions, they are far more shelf-stable than fresh or perishable foods.
Storage Matters
How you store canned food directly affects its longevity:
- Keep cans in a cool, dry place, away from sunlight, heat, and freezing conditions.
- Avoid temperature fluctuations, which can weaken the can and its seal.
- Low-acid foods (beans, corn, peas, meats, fish) can last 3–5 years or more if stored properly.
- High-acid foods (tomatoes, citrus, fruit) have a shorter shelf life, generally 12–18 months from production.
Inspecting Cans for Safety
The USDA emphasizes that the can’s condition is the primary indicator of safety. Even if the label has expired, food is often safe if the can is intact. Check carefully for:
- Bulging or swollen lids/cans – may indicate harmful bacterial activity (e.g., botulism).
- Leaks or sticky residue – suggests a compromised seal.
- Rust or corrosion – can create tiny holes for bacteria to enter.
- Severe dents, especially on seams – can break the seal or lining.
- Foul odor – if the food smells off, discard immediately.
- Discoloration or mold – a clear sign the food is spoiled.
If any of these are present, do not consume the food. Botulism and other foodborne illnesses, while rare, can be life-threatening.
Using Your Senses
Before eating canned food past its date, trust your senses. Look for abnormal color, texture, or smell. Taste should only be a last resort if everything else seems normal.
Key Takeaways
- Expiration dates on canned goods mainly indicate quality, not safety.
- Proper storage and careful inspection are crucial.
- Low-acid canned foods last longer than high-acid foods.
- Trust your senses—smell, appearance, and can condition—to determine safety.
By following these guidelines, you can reduce food waste, save money, and safely enjoy your pantry staples long past their labeled dates. With careful attention, canned food can remain nutritious and reliable—even in emergencies.
